Women are 2 to 9 times more likely to experience an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than men. Various hormones including relaxin, progesterone, and estrogen influence ACL strength. Oral contraceptives (OCs) alter these hormone levels; however, studies have yet to comprehensively compare different OCs’ effects on the ACL.

OC formulations with higher progestin-to-estrogen ratios may be more protective for the ACL than formulations with lower ratios.

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Five articles from the January 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Peripheral-Track and Central-Track Hill-Sachs Lesions: A New Concept of Assessing an On-Track Lesion", "Outcomes of Quadriceps Tendon With Patellar Bone Block Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Patients With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up", "Graft Size and Orientation Within the Femoral Notch Affect Graft Healing at 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Comparing Outcomes of Competitive Athletes Versus Nonathletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome", and "High Prevalence of Connective Tissue Gene Variants in Professional Ballet".

Click here to read the articles.

This special edition podcast highlights the top 10 articles of 2019  that caught the most public attention based on their Altmetric scores.

1. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Leukocyte-Rich PRP or Leukocyte-Poor PRP Versus Saline

2. Evidence-Based Best-Practice Guidelines for Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Young Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

3. Activity Modification and Load Management of Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain: A Prospective Intervention Study Including 151 Adolescents

4. Exposure to American Football and Neuropsychiatric Health in Former National Football League Players: Findings From the Football Players Health Study

5. Higher Rates of Lower Extremity Injury on Synthetic Turf Compared With Natural Turf Among National Football League Athletes: Epidemiologic Confirmation of a Biomechanical Hypothesis

6. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Nonsurgical Treatment Options for Enthesopathy of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

7. Implementation of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program by High School Athletic Teams Did Not Reduce Lower Extremity Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

8. A 6-Week Transition to Maximal Running Shoes Does Not Change Running Biomechanics

9. A 10% Increase in Step Rate Improves Running Kinematics and Clinical Outcomes in Runners With Patellofemoral Pain at 4 Weeks and 3 Months

10. Coper Classification Early After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Changes With Progressive Neuromuscular and Strength Training and Is Associated With 2-Year Success: The Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study

Previous studies have shown that runners demonstrate elevated T2 and T1ρ values on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after running a marathon, with the greatest changes in the patellofemoral and medial compartment, which can persist after 3 months of reduced activity. Additionally, marathon running has been shown to increase serum inflammatory markers. Hyaluronic acid (HA) purportedly improves viscoelasticity of synovial fluid, serving as a lubricant while also having chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.

Increased T2 and T1ρ relaxation times have been observed in marathon runners, suggesting early cartilage injury. The addition of intra-articular HA did not significantly affect relaxation times in all areas of the knee when compared with an NS control.

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Five articles from the December 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "The Association Between Tibial Slope and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients ≤21 Years Old: A Matched Case-Control Study Including 317 Revisions", "Risk Factors Associated With a Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury to the Contralateral Knee After Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in High School and College Female Athletes: A Prospective Study", "Functional Results and Outcomes After Repair of Partial Proximal Hamstring Avulsions at Midterm Follow-up", "The Effect of Sport-Related Concussion Injuries on Concussion Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Male and Female Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Study", and "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes for Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Versus Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone and Hamstring-Tendon Autografts".

Click here to read the articles.

This special edition podcast highlights the 2019 Systematic Review Award winning article.

An infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a relatively rare but challenging complication. There are no meta-analyses comparing the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with the various available graft choices.

The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate a significantly lower incidence of deep infections after ACL reconstruction with BPTB autografts compared with hamstring autografts but not compared with allografts.

Click here to read the article.

Limited in vivo kinematic information exists on the effect of clinical-based partial medial and lateral meniscectomy in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Before ACL reconstruction, partial medial meniscectomy increased AP laxity at 30° and 90° and lateral meniscectomy increased dynamic PS laxity with respect to intact menisci. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction decreased laxities, but a residual anterior translation of 1.3 mm at 90° remained in patients with partial medial meniscectomy, with respect to those with intact menisci.

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Five articles from the November 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism After Achilles Tendon Rupture", "Humeral Retroversion and Injury Risk After Proximal Humeral Epiphysiolysis
(Little Leaguer’s Shoulder)", "Location of the Glenoid Defect in Shoulders With Recurrent Posterior Glenohumeral Instability", "Changes of Supraspinatus Muscle Volume and Fat Fraction After Successful or Failed Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair", and "Defining Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Isolated Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair."

Click here to read the articles.

Lower extremity injuries are common in high school sports and are costly, and some have poor outcomes. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program has been shown to decrease injuries in elite athletes by up to 72%.

This study did not demonstrate a reduction in lower extremity injuries in schools randomized to use the FIFA 11+ program compared with schools using their usual prepractice warm-up program. Coach-reported compliance with performing the FIFA 11+ program at least twice a week was low.

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Five articles from the October 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Portal Placement and Biomechanical Performance of Endoscopic Proximal Hamstring Repair", "Nonabsorbable Suture Knot on the Tendon Affects Rotator Cuff Healing: A Comparative Study of the Knots on Tendon and Bone in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Tear", "Increased Chondrocytic Gene Expression Is Associated With Improved Repair Tissue Quality and Graft Survival in Patients After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation", "The Number of Injury Events Associated With the Critical Size of Bipolar Bone Defects in Rugby Players With Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability", and "Association Between Running Shoe Characteristics and Lower Extremity Injuries in United States Military Academy Cadets."

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Studies on the effect of partial- and full-thickness chondral damage of the hip on outcomes and the ability to achieve meaningful clinical outcomes are limited.

Patients with grade IV chondral defects experienced worse functional outcomes, lower satisfaction, and increased pain when compared with both patients without chondral damage or grade I-III chondromalacia at 2-year follow-up. Several predictors were associated with achieving clinically significant function in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS.

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Five articles from the September 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Single-Stage Multiple-Ligament Knee Reconstructions for Sports-Related Injuries: Outcomes in 194 Patients", "Surgeon Ability to Appropriately Address the Calcified Cartilage Layer: An In Vitro Study of Arthroscopic and Open Techniques", "Ankle Sprains in the National Basketball Association, 2013-2014 Through 2016-2017", "Factors Predicting the Outcome After Arthroscopically Assisted Stabilization of Acute High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations", and "Predictors of Unsuccessful Nonoperative Management of Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans."

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The ability of lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) to improve knee stability and the meniscal load-bearing function in patients after meniscectomy is critical for surgical success.

Lateral MAT partially restored medial translation of the tibia, and the resultant forces in the meniscal allograft were only 50% to 60% of the intact lateral meniscus forces in the cadaver model. In the majority of testing conditions, no significant changes of the in situ force in the anterior cruciate ligament were observed. Surgeons should consider the potential benefits of lateral MAT when deciding the appropriate treatment for symptomatic patients after lateral meniscectomies. Both lateral MAT techniques functioned similarly.

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Five articles from the August 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Lower signal intensity of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is associated with a higher rate of return to sport after ATFL repair for chronic lateral ankle instability", "Epidemiology and Video-Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association", "The Use of Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage for the Repair of Porcine Articular Cartilage Defects", "Biomechanical Comparison of Onlay Distal Biceps Tendon Repair: All-Suture Anchors versus Titanium Suture-Anchors", and "In which arm position is a Hill-Sachs lesion created?"

Click here to read the articles.

Nearly three-quarters of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur as “noncontact” failures from routine athletic maneuvers. Recent in vitro studies revealed that repetitive strenuous submaximal knee loading known to especially strain the ACL can lead to its fatigue failure, often at the ACL femoral enthesis.

The authors found evidence of accumulated damage to collagen fibrils and fibers at the ACL femoral enthesis at the time of surgery for noncontact ACL failure. This tissue damage was similar to that found in donor knees subjected in vitro to repetitive 4 times–body weight impulsive 3-dimensional loading known to cause a fatigue failure of the ACL.

Click here to read the article.

The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the risk of meniscal repair failure is unclear. Current evidence is limited to small studies without comparison between isolated repairs and meniscal repairs with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is also unclear whether the efficacy of PRP differs between preparation systems in the setting of meniscal repair.

Both PRP preparations used in the current study had a substantial protective effect in terms of the risk of isolated meniscal repair failure over 3 years. In the setting of concomitant ACL reconstruction, PRP does not reduce the risk of meniscal repair failure.

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Five articles from the July 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Performance and Return to Sport After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Olecranon in Professional Baseball Players","Adaptation of Running Biomechanics to Repeated Barefoot Running", "Multiplanar Loading of the Knee and Its Influence on Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Strain During Simulated Landings and Noncontact Tears" , "Pathoanatomy of Shoulder Instability in Collegiate Female Athletes" and "Severe Bone Marrow Edema Among Patients Who Underwent Prior Marrow Stimulation Technique Is a Significant Predictor of Graft Failure After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation."

 Click here to read the articles.

Five articles from the June 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Is It Safe to Inject Corticosteroids Into the Glenohumeral Joint After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?", "Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Femoral Condyle Utilizing a Thin Plug Graft Technique", "Secondary Meniscal Tears in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Relationship Among Operative Management, Osteoarthritis, and Arthroplasty at 18-Year Mean Follow-up" , "Is Microfracture Necessary? Acetabular Chondrolabral Debridement/Abrasion Demonstrates Similar Outcomes and Survival to Microfracture in Hip Arthroscopy: A Multicenter Analysis" and "Allograft Augmentation of Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Autografts Is Associated With Increased Graft Failure in Children and Adolescents."

 Click here to read the articles.

Five articles from the May 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "5-year Outcomes and Return to Sport in Runners Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Tears With or Without Femoroacetabular Impingement", "Predictors of Healing Ligament Size and MR Signal Intensity at 6 months after Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair", "The effect of ankle bracing on kinematics in simulated sprain and drop landings: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study" , "Arthroscopic repair of the isolated subscapularis full-thickness tear: single-row versus double-row suture-bridge technique" and "Do Outcomes or Subsequent Injuries Differ After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Using Palmaris vs. Hamstring Autograft?."

Click here to read the articles.

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability is a common condition affecting sports participation among young athletes. Clinical outcomes after surgical management may vary according to patient activity level and sport involvement. Overhead athletes may experience a higher rate of recurrent instability and difficulty returning to sport postoperatively with limited previous literature to guide treatment

Primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in overhead athletes is associated with a low rate of recurrent stabilization surgery. Return to overhead athletics at short-term follow-up is lower than that previously reported for the general athletic population.

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The purpose of the study was to identify (1) the proportion of opioid-naïve patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery, (2) the rates of postoperative opioid use among these patients, and (3) the risk factors associated with long-term postoperative opioid use.

Most patients were opioid naïve before elective shoulder surgery; however, among opioid-naïve patients, 1 in 7 patients were still using opioids beyond 180 days after surgery. Among all variables, a history of mental illness most significantly increased the risk of long-term opioid use after elective shoulder surgery.

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Five articles from the April 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Collagen-Dipped FiberTape Augmentation in Overhead-Throwing Athletes", "Long-term, Prospective, Multicenter Study of Isolated Bankart Repair for a Patient Selection Method Based on the Instability Severity Index Score", "Ivy League – Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion study: a Report on Methods and First Findings" , "Prospective Evaluation of the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) to Identify Clinically Successful Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR)" and "Correlation between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Surgical Exploration of the Anterolateral Structures of the Acutely Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injured Knee."

 Click here to read the articles.

Five articles from the March 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Short-term Changes After Corticosteroid Injections Into the Normal Tendons of Rabbits: A Controlled Randomized Study", "Acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture: repair or reconstruction? Two-year results of a randomized control trial", "The Development Process of Bipolar Bone Defects From Primary to Recurrent Instability in Shoulders With Traumatic Anterior Instability" , "Ankle Lateral Ligament Augmentation Versus the Modified Brostrom-Gould Procedure: A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Trial" and "Predictors of Persistent Postoperative Pain at Minimum 2 Years After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement."

 Click here to read the articles.

To evaluate the capability of conventional glenoid bone loss measurement techniques to provide an adequate estimation of the actual biomechanical effect of glenoid defects.

Current glenoid bone loss measurements are unable to provide an adequate estimation on the actual biomechanical effect of glenoid defects because (1) the relation between the glenoid defect size and its biomechanical effect is nonlinear and (2) patients with shoulder instability have constitutional biomechanically relevant glenoid concavity shape differences

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Five articles from the February 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Reinforcement of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Improves Cuff Integrity", "Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Does Not Improve Osseous Integration of Osteochondral Allografts for the Treatment of Chondral Defects in the Knee at 6 and 12 Months", "The Role of Calcaneofibular Ligament Injury in Ankle Instability: Implications for Surgical Management" , "Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Vertical Simple Stitch Versus Modified Mason-Allen Stitch in Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study" and "Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis."

 Click here to read the articles.

To evaluate the effect of the estrogen-deficient state on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in an ovariectomized rat model.

The estrogen-deficient state by ovariectomy, compared with control rats, led to decreased biomechanical properties and poor development of chondroid tissue that influenced the repair of the tendon insertion after surgery.

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Five articles from the January 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Coping With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury From Childhood to  Maturation", "Recurrence of Patellar Instability in Adolescents Undergoing Surgery for Osteochondral Defects Without Concomitant Ligament Reconstruction", "Higher Rates of Lower Extremity Injury on Synthetic Turf Compared With Natural Turf Among National Football League Athlete: Epidemiologic Confirmation of a Biomechanical Hypothesis" , "The Rotator Cuff Healing Index (RoHI) 1: A New Scoring System to Predict Rotator Cuff Healing After Surgical Repair" and "Association of Dynamic Balance With Sports-Related Concussion: A Prospective Cohort Study."

 Click here to read the articles.

To assess the association of previously identified candidate SNVs in genes encoding for collagen and the risk of ACL injury in a population of elite female athletes from high-risk team sports.

The study does not support a role of the 6 selected SNVs in genes encoding for collagen proteins as risk factors for ACL injury.

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Five articles from the December 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Seventeen-Year Follow-up After Meniscal Repair With Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population", "Performance on a Single-Legged Drop-Jump Landing Test Is Related to Increased Risk of Lateral Ankle Sprains Among Male Elite Soccer Players","Biomechanical Comparison of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction With the Docking Technique Versus Repair With Internal Bracin" , "Long-term Outcomes of Primary Repair of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Combined With Biologic Healing Augmentation to Treat Incomplete Tear" and "Prognostic Factors for Functional Outcome After Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study With 2-Year Follow-up."

 Click here to read the articles.

To determine if there are discriminating factors present between patients who redislocated their patellas and those who did not after a first-time lateral patellar dislocation and (2) to use this information to develop a model that can predict the recurrence risk of lateral patellar dislocation in this population.

This model demonstrates a high risk of lateral patellar redislocation when a patient presents with skeletal immaturity as well as magnetic resonance measurements of sulcus angle ≥154° and patellar height as measured by Insall-Salvati ratio ≥1.3. A patient will have a low risk of lateral patellar redislocation with the inverse findings.

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Five articles from the November 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Patellar Instability Management: A Survey of the International Patellofemoral Study Group","Epidemiological Evaluation of Meniscal Ramp Lesions in 3214 Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured Knees From the SANTI Study Group Database: A Risk Factor Analysis and Study of Secondary Meniscectomy Rates Following 769 Ramp Repairs", "Pitching Performance After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction at a Single Institution in Major League Baseball Pitchers", "Vertical Extension of the T-Capsulotomy Incision in Hip Arthroscopic Surgery Does Not Affect the Force Required for Hip Distraction: Effect of Capsulotomy Size, Type, and Subsequent Repair" and "Surgical Volume and Postoperative Complications of Acromioclavicular Joint Separations: Analysis of the ABOS Part II Examination."

 Click here to read the articles.

To determine the return-to-work, pain relief, and perioperative complication rates in a high-demand athletic cohort undergoing patellofemoral ACI.

For patellofemoral chondral defects without a failed primary procedure, second-generation ACI successfully returned to work 78% of patients of moderate to very heavy occupational demand with significantly decreased patient-reported knee pain. Risk factors after ACI for patellofemoral articular lesions for overall failure were age <30 years, female sex, and tobacco use, while surgical and overall failures were associated with periosteal patch use.

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Five articles from the October 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Histological Evaluation of Early-Phase Changes in the Osteochondral Unit After Microfracture in a Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect Rat Model", "Is There a Pathological Gait Associated With Common Soft Tissue Running Injuries?" ,"Effect of Smoking on Healing Failure After Rotator Cuff Repair" ,and "Reduced Time to Surgery Improves Patient-Reported Outcome After Achilles Tendon Rupture"

Click here to read the articles.

Anterolateral complex injuries are becoming more recognized. While these are known to affect tibiofemoral mechanics, it is not known how they affect patellofemoral joint behavior.

This work did not find that an anterolateral injury altered patellofemoral mechanics or kinematics, but adding a lateral tenodesis can elevate lateral contact pressures and induce lateral patellar tilting if the tibia is pulled into external rotation by the tenodesis. Although these in vitro changes were small and might not be relevant in a fully loaded knee, controlling the position of the tibia at graft fixation is effective in avoiding overconstraint at time zero in a lateral tenodesis.

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Five articles from the September 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Comparative Outcomes of Radial and Bucket-Handle Meniscal Tear Repair: A Propensity- Matched Analysis", "Biomechanical Deficits at the Hip in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Athletes are Ameliorated with Neuromuscular Training", "Career Length and Performance Among Professional Baseball Players Returning to Play After Hip Arthroscopy", "Stabilization of Acute High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Separation: A Prospective Assessment of the Clavicular Hook Plate Versus the Double Double-Button Suture Procedure", and "The Effect of Suture Absorbability on Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rabbit Rotator Cuff Repair Mode."

Click here to read the articles.

Recent literature correlated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure to smaller diameter of the harvested hamstring (HS) autograft. However, this approach may be a simplification, as relation of graft size to native ACL size is not typically assessed and oversized grafts may impart their own complications.

In conclusion, ACL insertion size and the CSAs of 3 commonly used grafts vary greatly for each patient and are not correlated with one another. Thus, if the reconstructed ACL size is determined by the harvested autograft size alone, native ACL size may not be adequately restored. PT grafts tended to undersize the native ACL, while QT might oversize it.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the August 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Integrity of the Untorn Articular-Sided Tendon in Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear: A Comparative Study of Apoptotic Activity in Torn and Untorn Layers", "No difference in the KOOS Quality of Life, between anatomic Double-bundle and anatomic Single-bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction of the knee; a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial with 2 years’ follow-up", "In Vitro Repair of Meniscus Radial Tear Using Hydrogels Seeded with Adipose Stem Cells and TGF-β3"," Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - How Important is Graft Salvage?", and "Internal Fixation of Unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans— Do Open Growth Plates Improve Healing Rate?

Click here to read the articles.

A lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is the most common traumatic knee injury with hemarthrosis in children. The redislocation rate is high. Varying operative and nonoperative treatments have been advocated with no consensus on the best treatment.

Operative repair of an MPFL injury in the acute phase in skeletally immature children with a primary traumatic LPD significantly reduced the redislocation rate but did not improve subjective or objective knee function compared with a knee brace without repair. The majority of the patients in both groups were satisfied with their knee function. There was a high representation of APIFs, which needs to be considered when evaluating the risk of redislocations.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the July 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Protects the Repaired Medial Meniscus: A Comparative Study of 383 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions From the SANTI Study Group With Minimum Follow-up of 2 Years", "How Variable Are Achilles Allografts Used for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Biomechanical Study", "Bone Marrow Stimulation Technique Augmented by an Ultrapurified Alginate Gel Enhances Cartilage Repair in a Canine Model", "Getting Hit by Pitch in Professional Baseball: Analysis of Injury Patterns, Risk Factors, Concussions, and Days Missed for Batters", and "Return-to-Play and Performance Outcomes of Professional Athletes in North America After Hip Arthroscopy From 1999 to 2016."

Click here to read the articles.

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Five articles from the June 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Low 1-Year Return-to-Sport Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Regardless of Patient and Surgical Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study of 272 Patients", "Higher Gene Expression of Healing Factors in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear", "Does Greater Trochanter Decortication Affect Suture Anchor Pullout Strength in Abductor Tendon Repairs? A Biomechanical Study", "Metal Resurfacing Inlay Implant for Osteochondral Talar Defects After Failed Previous Surgery: A Midterm Prospective Follow-up Study", and "Influences of Mental Illness, Current Psychological State, and Concussion History on Baseline Concussion Assessment Performance."

Click here to read the articles.

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Five articles from the May 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Operative Management of Acute Triceps Tendon Ruptures: Review of 184 Cases", "Ten-Year Results of Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Chondral Resurfacing in Severe Medial Osteoarthritis and Varus Malalignment", "The Integrity of the Acromioclavicular Capsule Ensures Physiological Centering of the Acromioclavicular Joint Under Rotational Loading", "Does Capsular Laxity Lead to Microinstability of the Native Hip?", and "Arthroscopic Surgery or Physical Therapy for Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 2-Year Follow-up."

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Five articles from the April 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Distal Clavicular Osteochondral Autograft Augmentation for Glenoid Bone Loss: A Comparison of Radius of Restoration Versus Latarjet Graft", "Biomechanical Evaluation of a Single- Versus Double-Tunnel Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction With Acromioclavicular Stabilization for Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries", "Descriptive Epidemiology of the MOON Shoulder Instability Cohort", "Patellar Tendon Repair Augmentation With a Knotless Suture Anchor Internal Brace: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study", and "Subacromial Local Anesthetics Do Not Interfere With Rotator Cuff Healing After Arthroscopic Repair."

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Five articles from the March 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Immediately After an Injury Did Not Improve Ligament Healing, and Increasing Platelet Concentrations Was Detrimental in an In Vivo Animal Model", "Midterm Clinical Results in Rugby Players Treated with the Bristow Procedure", "Alarmins in Frozen Shoulder: A Molecular Association Between Inflammation and Pain", "The Influence of Graft Fixation Methods on Revision Rates After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", and "20-Year Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autograft: The Catastrophic Effect of Age and Posterior Tibial Slope".

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Five articles from the February 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Variation in the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Origin in the Skeletally Immature Knee: An Anatomic Study", "Hypothermia Promotes Cell-Protective and Chondroprotective Effects After Blunt Cartilage Trauma", "Selective Debridement With Labral Preservation Using Narrow Indications in the Hip: Minimum 5-Year Outcomes With a Matched-Pair Labral Repair Control Group", "Men and Women Differ in the Biochemical Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma", and "Hamstring Graft Incorporation According to the Length of the Graft Inside Tunnels".

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Five articles from the January 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Meniscectomy and Resultant Articular Cartilage Lesions of the Knee Among Prospective National Football League Players: An Imaging and Performance Analysis", "Does the Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure Effectively Correct “Off-Track” Hill-Sachs Lesions?", "Comparison of 2 Exercise Rehabilitation Programs for Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial", "Clinical Outcomes of Knee Osteoarthritis Treated With an Autologous Protein Solution Injection: A 1-Year Pilot Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial", and "Do Outcomes of Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation Differ Based on Age and Sex? A Comparative Matched Group Analysis".

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After ACLR in knees with a concurrent partial MCL injury, the absence of loading on the G/ST did not significantly alter anterior stability. Simulated G/ST harvest did lead to increased valgus motion. These results may have important clinical implications and warrant further investigation to better outline the role of the medial hamstrings, particularly among patients with a concomitant ACL and MCL injury.

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Five articles from the December 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "In Vitro Chondrotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Opioid Medications", "The Incidence of Subsequent Meniscal Surgery Is Higher in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Knee Than in the Contralateral Knee", "A Comparison of 2-Year Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Tibiofemoral or Patellofemoral Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation", "Epidemiology of Posterior Glenohumeral Instability in a Young Athletic Population", and "Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis: Ultrasound-Guided Needling and Lavage Versus Subacromial Corticosteroids: Five-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial".

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Patients with a Segond fracture are at no higher risk to require revision ACL reconstruction compared with patients without a Segond fracture. This may be attributable to its high union rate. At the time of primary ACL reconstruction, if a Segond fracture is identified, it can be ignored (not repaired or reconstructed), and this approach does not appear to predispose to early ACL graft failure.

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Five articles from the November 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Arthroscopic Harvest of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Infrapatellar Fat Pad", "An Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of Bankart Repair Configurations", "Including the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise in the FIFA 11+ Provides Missing Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength Effect in Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial", "Cam Deformities and Limited Hip Range of Motion Are Associated With Early Osteoarthritic Changes in Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Matched Cohort Study", and "Surgical Treatment of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures: An Analysis of Complications in 784 Surgical Repairs".

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The surgical repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures has an overall low rate of serious complications, regardless of approach or technique. However, the double-incision technique has a higher rate of posterior interosseous nerve palsy, heterotopic bone formation, and reoperation rate. Surgeon’s years of practice, fellowship training, and case volume do not affect the rate of major complications.

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Five articles from the October 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Professional Athletes’ Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of an Achilles Tendon Rupture", "A 20-Year Follow-up After First-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation", "Pectoralis Major Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis of Modern Repair Configurations Versus Traditional Repair Configuration", "In Vivo Performance of a Novel, Anatomically Shaped, Total Meniscal Prosthesis Made of Polycarbonate Urethane: A 12-Month Evaluation in Goats", and "Risk of Engagement of Bipolar Bone Defects in Posterior Shoulder Instability".

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Transplantation of fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) is an attractive treatment option for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions in young, healthy patients. Because the lack of OCA bone integration can be a cause of treatment failure, methods for speeding and enhancing OCA bone integration to mitigate this potential complication are highly desirable.

Large femoral condylar OCAs treated with autogenous BMC before implantation showed superior radiographic integration to bone and less sclerosis during the initial 6-month postoperative period. BMC treatment of OCAs may mitigate the failure of OCA bone healing.

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Five articles from the September 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcomes After Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Changes in Cartilage Biomarker Levels During a Transcontinental Multistage Footrace Over 4486 km", "Risk Factors for Tear Progression in Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Study of 174 Shoulders", "Successful Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization Versus Nonoperative Management in Contact Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Prospective Multicenter Study", and "Young Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Single-Leg Landing Asymmetries at the Time of Return to Sport Demonstrate Decreased Knee Function 2 Years Later".

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Advancements in instrumentation and techniques have extended the scope of hip arthroscopic surgery to treat complex osseous deformities that were previously best addressed with an open approach. Global pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement is an example of an abnormality requiring osseous correction with a technically challenging access point.

Hip arthroscopic surgery for the management of symptomatic labral tears in patients with combined overcoverage and coxa profunda is associated with improvements in patient outcomes and pain at a minimum 2-year follow-up. However, the degree of improvement is of lower magnitude compared with a matched cohort with normal coverage undergoing the arthroscopic management of symptomatic labral tears. While hips with lateral overcoverage combined with coxa profunda may have a smaller potential for improvement compared with hips with normal coverage, this type of osseous morphology is still repairable with arthroscopic treatment.

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Five articles from the August 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Return to Play After Shoulder Instability Surgery in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Intercollegiate Football Athletes", "Anchored Transosseous-Equivalent Versus Anchorless Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis in a Cadaveric Model", "Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: Is Graft Storage Time Associated With Clinical Outcomes and Graft Survivorship?", "Performance-Based Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Professional Athletes Differ Between Sports", and "Economic Decision Model for First-Time Traumatic Patellar Dislocations in Adolescents".

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Radial meniscus tears disrupt the circumferential fibers and thereby compromise meniscus integrity. Historically, radial tears were often treated with meniscectomy because of an incomplete understanding of the biomechanical consequences of these tears, limited information regarding the biomechanical performance of repair, and the technical difficulty associated with repair. There is a paucity of studies on the outcomes of the repair of radial meniscus tears.

The purpose was to determine the outcomes of 2-tunnel transtibial repair of radial meniscus tears and compare these results to the outcomes of patients who underwent the repair of vertical meniscus tears with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The hypothesis was that radial and vertical meniscus tear repair outcomes were comparable.

The 2-tunnel transtibial pullout technique for the repair of radial meniscus tears produces similar clinical outcomes when compared with the repair of vertical meniscus tears at a mean 3.5 years’ follow-up.

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Five articles from the July 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "The Effect of Subcritical Bone Loss and Exposure on Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Intercollegiate American Football", "Femoroacetabular Impingement in Professional Football Players: Return to Play and Predictors of Career Length After Hip Arthroscopy", "High Rate of Osteoarthritis After Osteochondritis Dissecans Fragment Excision Compared With Surgical Restoration at a Mean 16-Year Follow-up", "Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", and "Intratendon Delivery of Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Healing Compared With Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Rabbit Achilles Tendinopathy Model".

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur commonly in football. Recent work has reported ACL reconstruction (ACLR) as one of several orthopaedic procedures with unfavorable outcomes for professional athletes. The performance impact to defensive players after surgery has not been quantified.

Approximately 74% (28/38) of athletes who underwent ACLR returned to play at least 1 NFL game, and 61% (23/38) successfully returned to play at least half a season (ie, 8 games). Players who successfully returned were above-average NFL players before their injury but comparatively average after their return.

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Five articles from the June 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Intra-articular Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Mitigates Cartilage Damage After Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus in the Yucatan Minipig", "Return to Sport and Recreational Activity After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee", "Arthroscopic Versus Open Latarjet in the Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation With Marked Glenoid Bone Loss: A Prospective Comparative Study", "Risk Factors for Revision Surgery After Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Repair: A National Perspective", and "Anatomic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the Knee With or Without Reconstruction of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Randomized Clinical Trial".

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Graft failure and low rates of return to sport are major concerns after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, particularly in a population at risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between reconstruction techniques and subsequent graft rupture and return-to-sport rates in patients aged 16 to 30 years participating in pivoting sports.

In conclusion, in a high-risk population of young patients participating in pivoting sports, the rate of graft failure with HT+ALL grafts was 2.5 times less than with B-PT-B grafts and 3.1 times less than with 4HT grafts. The HT+ALL graft is also associated with greater odds of returning to preinjury levels of sport when compared with the 4HT graft.

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Five articles from the May 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Outcomes After Biologically Augmented Isolated Meniscal Repair With Marrow Venting Are Comparable With Those After Meniscal Repair With Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Long-term Effects of Adolescent Sport Concussion Across the Age Spectrum", "Interposition Dermal Matrix Xenografts: A Successful Alternative to Traditional Treatment of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears", "The Association of Sport Specialization and Training Volume With Injury History in Youth Athletes", and "Traumatic Patellar Dislocation and Cartilage Injury: A Follow-up Study of Long-Term Cartilage Deterioration".

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The use of allograft tissue for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare the risk of aseptic revision between bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts and BPTB allografts.

In conclusion, when BPTB allograft tissue was used for ACLR, an overall 4.54 times adjusted higher risk of revision was observed compared with surgery performed with a BPTB autograft. Whether the tissue was irradiated with either high- or low-dose radiation, chemically processed, or not processed at all made little difference in the risk of revision. The differences in the revision risk were also consistent in younger and older patients. Surgeons and patients should be aware of the increased risk of revision when a BPTB allograft is used for ACLR.

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Five articles from the April 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Prospective Evaluation of Surgical Treatment of Humeral Avulsions of the Glenohumeral Ligament", "The Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance Is Greater in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: Implications for the Origin of Pain and Clinical Interventions", "Morphological Distribution of the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine in Patients With and Without Hip Impingement: Reliability, Validity, and Relationship to the Intraoperative Assessment", "Long-term Outcomes of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in Adolescent Patients", and "Body Mass and Weekly Training Distance Influence the Pain and Injuries Experienced by Runners Using Minimalist Shoes: A Randomized Controlled Trial".

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Quantitative magnetic resonance (qMR) can be used to measure macromolecules in tissues and is a potential method of observing early cartilage changes in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that specific patient and surgical factors affecting cartilage matrix composition after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) can be detected using T1ρ and T2 relaxation times. Our purpose was to demonstrate this ability in a multicenter feasibility study.

We concluded that prolonged relaxation times in multiple regions demonstrate how the injury affects the entire joint after an ACL tear. Changes observed in the uninjured knee may be caused by increased loading during rehabilitation, especially in the patellofemoral articular cartilage and distal femur. Relaxation times in the tibial regions may be predictive of patient symptoms at 6 months. These same regions are affected by surgical timing as early as 30 days after injury, but this may partially be reflective of the severity of the preoperative injury and the choice of treatment of meniscal tears.

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Patient selection is critical when choosing between arthroscopic joint preservation and total shoulder arthroplasty in young patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA). The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors predictive of early failure in patients undergoing comprehensive arthroscopic management (CAM) for GHOA.

The CAM procedure has been shown to reliably improve pain and function in active patients with advanced GHOA; however, it is important to inform patients about the limitations of the procedure. Patients with less joint space and abnormal posterior glenoid shape were significantly more likely to progress to early failure.

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Five articles from the March 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Muscle Degeneration Associated With Rotator Cuff Tendon Release and/or Denervation in Sheep", "Effect of External Ankle Support on Ankle and Knee Biomechanics During the Cutting Maneuver in Basketball Players", "Incidence, Mechanisms, and Severity of Game-Related College Football Injuries on FieldTurf Versus Natural Grass: A 3-Year Prospective Study", "Does the Chronicity of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures Influence Patient-Reported Outcomes Before Surgery?", and "Preoperative Outcome Scores Are Predictive of Achieving the Minimal Clinically Important Difference After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement".

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Five articles from the February 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Hyaluronic Acid Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Effects on Intra-articular Biology for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis", "A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing the Interference Screw and Suture Anchor Techniques for Biceps Tenodesis", "Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Combined With Distal Realignment for Recurrent Dislocations of the Patella: 5-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial", "Association of the Female Athlete Triad Risk Assessment Stratification to the Development of Bone Stress Injuries in Collegiate Athletes", and "Does Allograft Augmentation of Small-Diameter Hamstring Autograft ACL Grafts Reduce the Incidence of Graft Retear?".

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The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has demonstrated mixed clinical outcomes in randomized controlled trials when compared with hyaluronic acid(HA), an accepted nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic OA. Biological analysis of PRP has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect on the intra-articular environment.

We found no difference between HA and PRP at any time point in the primary outcome measure: the patient-reported WOMAC pain score. Significant improvements were seen in other patient-reported outcome measures, with results favoring PRP over HA. Preceding a significant difference in subjective outcomes favoring PRP, there was a trend toward a decrease in 2 proinflammatory cytokines, which suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of PRP may contribute to an improvement of symptoms.

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Five articles from the January 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are "No Relationship Between Hamstring Flexibility and Hamstring Injuries in Male Amateur Soccer Players - A Prospective Study", "High Rate of Return to Running for Athletes After Hip Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement and Capsular Plication", "Injuries to the Collateral Ligaments of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb, Including Simultaneous Combined Thumb Ulnar and Radial Collateral Ligament Injuries, in National Football League Athletes", "Traumatic and Degenerative Meniscus Tears Have Different Gene Expression Signatures", and "A Prospective, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Knee Osteoarthritis".

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Pectoralis minor (PM) tightness has been linked to pain and dysfunction of the shoulder joint secondary to anterior tilt and internal rotation of the scapula, thus causing secondary impingement of the subacromial space.

In most patients, PM tightness can be successfully treated with a nonoperative focused PM stretching program. However, in refractory and pathologically tight PM cases, this series demonstrates predictable return to function with notable improvement in shoulder symptoms after surgical release of the PM. Additional research is necessary to evaluate the long-term efficacy of isolated PM treatment.

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Five articles from the December 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Factors Related to Increased Ulnar Collateral Ligament Thickness on Stress Sonography of the Elbow in Asymptomatic Youth and Adolescent Baseball Pitchers”, “No Effects of Early Viscosupplementation After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial”,  “Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Versus Open Bristow-Latarjet for Shoulder Instability: A Matched-Pair Multicenter Study Focused on Return to Sport”, “Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability in Patients With Generalized Joint Laxity”, and "Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Minimum 5-Year Follow-up".

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Shoulder pain is a common problem in competitive swimmers, but the structural alterations in elite-level competitive swimmers are not well known.

We found a high prevalence of rotator cuff and biceps tendinopathy, which was associated with increased symptoms. Tendinosis was also more common in swimmers with a positive sulcus sign, suggesting a role for shoulder laxity.

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Five articles from the November 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Diagnosis of Engaging Bipolar Bone Defects in the Shoulder Using 2-Dimensional Computed Tomography: A Cadaveric Study”, “Sport Participation and the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescents: A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study (The Young-HUNT Study)”,  “Incorporation of Hamstring Grafts Within the Tibial Tunnel After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Suspensory Fixation Versus Interference Screws”, “Defining Thresholds for the Patient Acceptable Symptom State for the IKDC Subjective Knee Form and KOOS for Patients Who Underwent ACL Reconstruction”, and "Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Patients With Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee".

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Patients who suffer anterior shoulder dislocations are at higher risk of developing glenohumeral arthropathy, but little is known about the initial cartilage damage after a primary shoulder dislocation. T1ρ is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that allows quantification of cartilage proteoglycan content and can detect physiologic changes in articular cartilage.

This study concluded that humeral head cartilage sustained greater damage than glenoid cartilage in primary dislocation. T1ρ values were higher in glenohumeral zones associated with Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions. Widespread initial cartilage damage may predispose patients to glenohumeral arthropathy.

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Five articles from the October 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “The Orientation and Variation of the Acromioclavicular Ligament An Anatomic Study”, “Morphologic Characteristics and Strength of the Hamstring Muscles Remain Altered at 2 Years After Use of a Hamstring Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction”,  “Are Short-term Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients 55 Years and Older Inferior to Those in Younger Patients?”, “In Vivo Length Changes of the Anterolateral Ligament and Related Extra-articular Reconstructions”, and "Is There a Difference in Graft Motion for Bone-Tendon-Bone and Hamstring Autograft ACL Reconstruction at 6 Weeks and 1 Year?".

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Recent radiographic data have suggested that medialized conoid tunnel placement greater than 25% of absolute clavicular length is correlated with early failure after anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstructions. A comparison with a larger active duty military cohort of clinical and radiographic outcomes can serve as a basis for standardizing surgical technique.

The optimal technique for treating acromioclavicular separations has yet to be determined. Recently, anatomic coracoclavicular reconstruction has demonstrated biomechanical superiority to previously described methods. The findings of optimal tunnel positioning in anatomic reconstructions from this large active-duty military cohort can assist preoperative planning to reduce failure rates when treating these difficult injuries.

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Five articles from the September 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “The Intracellular Effect of Relaxin on Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cells”, “Ibuprofen Differentially Affects Supraspinatus Muscle and Tendon Adaptations to Exercise in a Rat Model”,  “Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Versus Autograft Twelve-Month Results in Isolated Canine Knee Defects”, “A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatments of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures”, and "Does Age Influence the Risk of Incident Knee Osteoarthritis After a Traumatic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury?".

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Prior attempts to quantify the pivot-shift examination have been too invasive or impractical for clinical use. A noninvasive method for quantifying rotatory knee laxity is needed.

The inertial sensor and image analysis techniques were able to detect differences between low- and high-grade pivot-shift test results. A quantitative assessment of the pivot-shift test could augment the diagnosis of an ACL injury and improve the ability to detect changes in rotatory knee laxity over time.

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Five articles from the August 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Precollegiate Knee Surgery Predicts Subsequent Injury Requiring Surgery in NCAA Athletes”, “Changes in Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Based on Time From Injury”,  “Incidence, Degree, and Clinical Effect of Subchondral Bone Overgrowth After Microfracture in the Knee”, “Fastball Pitch Velocity Helps Predict Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers”, and "Ultrasound-Guided Injection Therapy of Achilles Tendinopathy With Platelet-Rich Plasma or Saline: A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial".

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Limited research is available regarding return-to-running (RTR) time after femoral neck stress fractures. While studies have shown the prognostic value of image-based grading scales for stress fractures at other sites, few have included femoral neck stress fractures.

This study found that grade 2 to 4 femoral neck stress fractures require longer RTR time than do grade 1 injuries. Also, patients with lower BMI tend to require a longer RTR time.

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Five articles from the July 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Effect of Matching or Overconstraining Knee Laxity During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Knee Osteoarthritis and Clinical Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 84-Month Follow-up”, “Surgical Trends in the Treatment of Meniscal Tears: Analysis of Data From the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Certification Examination Database”,  “Hamstring and Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength Deficits Are Weak Risk Factors for Hamstring Strain Injuries: A 4-Year Cohort Study”, “Outcomes of Lisfranc Injuries in the National Football League”, and “Novel Arthroscopic Classification of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee: A Multicenter Reliability Study”.

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Pectoralis major tendon ruptures are commonly described as rare injuries affecting men between 20 and 40 years of age, with generally excellent results after surgical repair. However, this perception is based on a relatively small number of case series and prospective studies in the orthopaedic literature.

Among military personnel, Army soldiers and junior officer/enlisted rank were at highest risk of pectoralis major tendon ruptures, and junior personnel were at highest risk of being unable to return to duty after surgical treatment. Although increasing time from injury to surgery was not a risk factor for treatment failure or inability to return to duty, it did significantly increase the risk of a postoperative complication.

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Five articles from the June 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Clinical and Anatomic Predictors of Outcomes After the Latarjet Procedure for the Treatment of Anterior Glenohumeral Instability With Combined Glenoid and Humeral Bone Defects”, “Multivariate Analysis of the Risk Factors for First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury in High School and College Athletes A Prospective Cohort Study With a Nested, Matched Case-Control Analysis”,  “Risk of Injuries in Paralympic Track and Field Differs by Impairment and Event Discipline A Prospective Cohort Study at the London 2012 Paralympic Games”, “Implantation of Autologous Cartilage Chips Improves Cartilage Repair Tissue Quality in Osteochondral Defects A Study in Gottingen Minipigs”, and “Concussion Characteristics in High School Football by Helmet Age/Recondition Status, Manufacturer, and Model: 2008-2009 Through 2012-2013 Academic Years in the United States”.

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With rising participation in youth sports such as baseball, proximal humeral epiphysiolysis, or Little League shoulder (LLS), is being seen with increasing frequency. However, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the causes, natural history, or treatment outcomes of LLS.

Little League shoulder is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. While most common in male baseball pitchers, the condition can occur in females, youth catchers, other baseball positions players, and tennis players. Concomitant elbow pain may be seen in up to 13%. After rest and physical therapy, recurrent symptoms may occur in a small subset of patients (7%), generally 3 to 6 months after return to sports. Almost one-third of LLS patients had GIRD, and this group had approximately three times higher probability of recurrence compared with those without GIRD.

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Five articles from the May 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Distribution of Force in the Medial Collateral Ligament Complex During Simulated Clinical Tests of Knee Stability”, “Fasciotomy for Deep Posterior Compartment Syndrome in the Lower Leg: A Prospective Study”,  “Activity Level and Function After Lateral Ankle Ligament Repair Versus Reconstruction”, “No Difference on Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patellofemoral Cartilage Composition Between Patients With Patellofemoral Pain and Healthy Controls”, and “Is Knee Pain During Adolescence a Self-limiting Condition?: Prognosis of Patellofemoral Pain and Other Types of Knee Pain”.

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Short-term outcomes for patients with large, engaging Hill-Sachs lesions who underwent remplissage have demonstrated good results. However, limited data are available for longer term outcomes. The redislocation rate after remplissage was 11.8% at an average of 5 years, with 95.5% of patients returning to full sports at an average of 7 months. For throwing sports, 65.5% of patients complained of decreased range of motion during throwing. The results should be considered preoperatively in candidates for remplissage who are engaged in throwing sports.

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Five articles from the April 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability With Combined Bone Loss: Treatment and Results With the Modified Latarjet Procedure”, “Biomechanical Effects of a Horizontal Medial Meniscal Tear and Subsequent Leaflet Resection”,  “Does Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Release in Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus Osteoarthritic Knees Increase Valgus Laxity”, “Recovery of Muscle Strength After Intact Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair According to Preoperative Rotator Cuff Tear Size”, and “Physical Activity Level and Symptom Duration Are Not Associated After Concussion”.

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Impairments in motor control may predicate the paradigm of chronic ankle instability (CAI) that can develop in the year after an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) injury. No prospective analysis is currently available identifying the mechanisms by which these impairments develop and contribute to long-term outcome after LAS.  This study found that an inability to complete jumping and landing tasks within 2 weeks of a first-time LAS and poorer dynamic postural control and lower self-reported function 6 months after a first-time LAS were predictive of eventual CAI outcome.

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Five articles from the March 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid, Separately and in Combination, for Hip Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study”, “Depression Symptomatology and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Incidence and Effect on Functional Outcome— A Prospective Cohort Study”,  “Midterm Outcomes of Reverse (Anteverting) Periacetabular Osteotomy in Patients With Hip Impingement Secondary to Acetabular Retroversion”, “Individual Responses to a Barefoot Running Program: Insight Into Risk of Injury”, and “Is Sport Activity Possible After Arthroscopic Meniscal Allograft Transplantation?: Midterm Results in Active Patients”.

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There are limited and inconsistent data regarding return-to-sport outcomes after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study hypothesized that return-to-sport rates will be lower after revision ACLR when compared with primary ACLR.

After evaluating a study cohort of 136 eligible patients, this study concluded that return-to-sport rates of patients after revision ACLR were similar to those after their primary surgery but were still lower than the reported rates of ACLR patients who did not need revision surgery. Greater chondral pathologic abnormalities at revision surgery were associated with reduced function at follow-up.

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Five articles from the February 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Arthroscopic Stabilization of Chronic Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations: Triple- Versus Single-Bundle Reconstruction”, “Immobilization in External Rotation Versus Internal Rotation After Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”,  “Effect on Patient-Reported Outcomes of Debridement or Microfracture of Concomitant Full-Thickness Cartilage Lesions in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees: A Nationwide Cohort Study From Norway and Sweden of 357 Patients With 2-Year Follow-up”, “Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Professional Hockey Players”, and “Individualizing the Tibial Tubercle– Trochlear Groove Distance: Patellar Instability Ratios That Predict Recurrent Instability”.

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With an active aging population, more patients expect to return to previous activities and work after surgery.  This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent shoulder hemiarthroplasty from 2007 to 2013, to determine the rate and timing to return of sports and employment after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. In this hemiarthroplasty cohort, there was a 67.2% rate of return to 1 or more sports at an average of 6.5 months postoperatively. Patients older than 65 years experienced similar improvements in ASES scores compared with patients younger than 65 years, although absolute scores were lower on average. Those who returned to higher demand sports were younger on average. Of patients working preoperatively, 69.4% returned to their previous employment at an average of 1.4 months. Patients who did not return to employment had significantly higher body mass index on average. These findings will help surgeons manage expectations of shoulder hemiarthroplasty candidates preoperatively.

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Microfracture is the most commonly applied arthroscopic marrow stimulation procedure. This controlled laboratory study found that small-diameter microfracture awls improve articular cartilage repair in the translational sheep model more effectively than do larger awls. These data support the use of small microfracture instruments for the surgical treatment of cartilage defects and warrant prolonged clinical investigations.

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Five articles from the January 2016 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full. The featured articles for this month are “Arthroscopic Capsular Repair for Symptomatic Hip Instability After Previous Hip Arthroscopic Surgery”, “Return to Training and Playing After Acute Lisfranc Injuries in Elite Professional Soccer and Rugby Players”,  “Motivations Associated With Nondisclosure of Self-Reported Concussions in Former Collegiate Athletes”, “Articular Cartilage Degenerates After Subtotal/Total Lateral Meniscectomy but Radiographic Arthrosis Progression Is Reduced After Meniscal Transplantation”, and “Is Hip Abduction Strength Asymmetry Present in Female Runners in the Early Stages of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?”. 

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