Recurrent shoulder instability is a prevalent condition, with glenoid bone loss as a common cause. Arthroscopic repair using distal tibial allografts provides long-lasting treatment by restoring glenoid surface area and presumably avoids risks of sensitization against donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Two case studies have challenged this assumption, suggesting that small bone allografts are able to induce host adaptive immune responses to donor HLA. The incidence of small bone allograft HLA sensitization and its effects on resorption and patient outcomes are unclear.

In conclusion, sensitization against donor HLA after small bone graft allografting was not previously considered but has been brought to light as a possibility. Aside from potential complications for future organ transplants, HLA sensitization does not introduce a risk for adverse outcomes or higher grades of resorption compared with nonsensitized patients after small bone allografting for shoulder instability.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the April 2021 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Versus Immobilization for First Episode of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Before the Age of 25: A Randomized Controlled Trial", "Return-to-Play Outcomes in Professional Baseball Players After Nonoperative Treatment of Incomplete Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries: A Long-Term Follow-up Study", "Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players", "Risk of Conversion to Arthroplasty After Hip Arthroscopy: Validation of a Published Risk Score Using an Independent, Prospectively Collected Database", and "Effect of Early Residual Laxity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Long-term Laxity, Graft Failure, Return to Sports, and Subjective Outcome at 25 Years".

Click here to read the articles.

This special edition podcast highlights the top 10 articles of 2020  that caught the most public attention based on their Altmetric scores.

1. A Majority of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Can Be Prevented by Injury Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cluster–Randomized Controlled Trials With Meta-analysis

2. The Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone to Protect Against Muscle Weakness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

3. Foot Core Training to Prevent Running-Related Injuries: A Survival Analysis of a Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

4. Video Confirmation of Head Impact Sensor Data From High School Soccer Players

5. Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear Treatment: A Matched Cohort Comparison of Nonoperative Management, Partial Meniscectomy, and Repair

6. Lower Limb Kinetic Asymmetries in Professional Soccer Players With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Nine Months Is Not Enough Time to Restore “Functional” Symmetry or Return to Performance

7. Association Between Concussion History and Factors Relating to Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Health Among American High School Athletes: A Cross-sectional Analysis

8. The Effect of Psychological Impairment on Outcomes in Patients With Prearthritic Hip Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

9. Shoe Cushioning Influences the Running Injury Risk According to Body Mass: A Randomized Controlled Trial Involving 848 Recreational Runners

10. Knee Extension Deficit in the Early Postoperative Period Predisposes to Cyclops Syndrome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Risk Factor Analysis in 3633 Patients From the SANTI Study Group Database

Patellofemoral joint degeneration and dysfunction after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are increasingly recognized as contributors to poor clinical outcomes.

In conclusion, patellofemoral deep cartilage matrix disruption, as assessed by MRI UTE-T2*, was associated with reduced sports and recreational function and with gait metrics reflective of altered patellofemoral loading. As such, the findings provide new mechanistic information important to improving clinical outcomes related to patellofemoral dysfunction after ACLR.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the March 2021 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Predicting Risk of Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability With Measurements of Extensor Mechanism Containment", "Structural Consequences of a Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury on Remaining Joint Integrity: Evidence for Ligament and Bone Changes Over Time in an Ovine Model", "The Lateral Femoral Notch Sign Is Correlated With Increased Rotatory Laxity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Pivot Shift Quantification With A Surgical Navigation System", "Outcomes of Open and Endoscopic Repairs of Chronic Partial- and Full-Thickness Proximal Hamstring Tendon Tears: A Multicenter Study With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up", and "Long-term Outcome After Nonoperative Treatment for Rockwood I and II Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries".

Click here to read the articles.

Correction of high posterior tibial slope is an important treatment option for revision of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) failure as seen in clinical and biomechanical studies. In cases with moderate to severe medial compartment arthritis, an additional varus correction osteotomy may be added to improve alignment.

In conclusion, combined varus and slope correction led to a relevant decrease of ATT in the ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed cadaveric knee. ACL graft forces were significantly decreased after combined varus and slope correction. Thus, our biomechanical findings support the treatment goal of a perpendicular-aligned tibial plateau for ACL insufficiencies, especially in cases of revision surgery.

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Five articles from the February 2021 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Characterization of the Proximal Long Head of Biceps Tendon Anatomy Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Implications for Biceps Tenodesis", "Patient-Reported Activity Levels Correlate With Early Cartilage Degeneration After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Clinical Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection and Its Association with Growth Factors in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Compared with Hyaluronic Acid", "Development of a Predictive Algorithm for Symptomatic Hip Abductor Tears in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy", and "Predictors of Failure of Return to Play in Youth Baseball Players After Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans: Focus on Elbow Valgus Laxity and Radiocapitellar Congruity".

Click here to read the articles.

Bone stress injuries (BSIs) occur in up to 20% of runners and military personnel. Typically, after a period of unloading and gradual return to weightbearing activities, athletes return to unrestricted sports participation or military duty approximately 4 to 14 weeks after a BSI diagnosis, depending on the injury location and severity. However, the time course of the recovery of the bone’s mechanical competence is not well-characterized, and reinjury rates are high.

Bone density declined in both the injured and the uninjured legs and, on average, did not return to baseline for 3 to 6 months after a tibial BSI diagnosis. The observed time to the recovery of baseline vBMD, coupled with the high rate of recurrent BSIs, suggests that improved return-to-sports and military duty guidelines may be in order.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the January 2021 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Determining On-/Off-track Lesions in Glenohumeral Dislocation Using Multiplanar Reconstruction Computed Tomography Is Easier and More Reproducible Than Using 3-dimensional Computed Tomography", "Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee", "Changes in Matrix Components in the Developing Human Meniscus", "Prediction of Shoulder Pain in Youth Competitive Swimmers: The Development and Internal Validation of a Prognostic Prediction Model", and "Incidence of Femoroacetabular Impingement and Surgical Management Trends Over Time".

Click here to read the articles.

Adult medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction techniques are not appropriate for the skeletally immature patient given the proximity of the distal femoral physis. Biomechanical consequences of reconstructions aimed at avoiding the physis have not been adequately studied.

In conclusion, in this cadaveric simulation, the epiphyseal technique allowed for a more isometric ligament until midflexion, when the patella engaged within the trochlear groove. The adductor sling and adductor transfer grafts became tighter in flexion, resulting in potential loss of motion, pain, graft stretching, and failure. Marginal between-condition differences in patellofemoral contact mechanics and patellar kinematics were observed in late flexion.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the December 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Augmentation of Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Does Not Significantly Affect Rotatory Knee Laxity: A Time Zero, In Vivo Kinematic Analysis", "Functional Outcome of Sesamoid Excision in Athletes", "Time Required to Achieve Clinically Significant Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair", "Differences in Clinical Presentations and Surgical Outcomes of Gluteus Medius Tears Between Men and Women", and "90-Day Complication Rate After the Latarjet Procedure in a High-Volume Center".

Click here to read the articles.

Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) has been increasingly applied to improve athletic performance and injury recovery. Validation of BFRT has lagged behind commercialization, and currently the mechanism by which this therapy acts is unknown. BFRT is one type of ischemic therapy, which involves exercising with blood flow restriction. Repetitive restriction of muscle blood flow (RRMBF) is another ischemic therapy type, which does not include exercise.

In conclusion, ischemic therapy did not induce gains in muscle mass, contractility strength, fiber cross-sectional area, or satellite cell density locally or systemically in this model, although the RRMBF group did have elevated GH levels on ELISA.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the November 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "The Incidence of Kaplan Fiber Injury Associated With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Characteristics of Soccer Players Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Sex- and Competitive Level–Specific Analysis", "Bone Marrow Stimulation in Arthroscopic Repair for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears With Incomplete Footprint Coverage", "Return to Play and Recurrence After Calf Muscle Strain Injuries in Elite Australian Football Players", and "Rate of Force Development Remains Reduced in the Knee Flexors 3 to 9 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Medial Hamstring Autografts: A Cross-Sectional Study".

Click here to read the articles.

Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are relatively rare pediatric injuries. Postoperative arthrofibrosis remains the most common complication, with few studies having examined factors associated with its development.

In conclusion, surgeons should be cognizant of arthrofibrosis risk in younger patients with concomitant ACL tears and traumatic injuries not resulting from athletics. Furthermore, postoperative immobilization in a cast should be avoided given the high risk of arthrofibrosis. Concomitant ACL injury is associated with a higher return to the operating room for MUA.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the October 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Steep Posterior Tibial Slope and Excessive Anterior Tibial Translation Are Predictive Risk Factors of Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure: A Case-Control Study With Prospectively Collected Data", "Optimal Treatment of Cam Morphology May Change the Natural History of Femoroacetabular Impingement", "Anchor-Based Femoral Fixation for Physeal-Sparing Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Time-Zero Biomechanical Comparison With Tenodesis Screw Fixation", "Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis Outcomes: A Comparison of Inlay and Onlay Techniques", and "Performance and Return to Sport After Excision of the Fractured Hook of the Hamate in Professional Baseball Players".

Click here to read the articles.

The acetabular labrum has been found to provide a significant contribution to the distractive stability of the hip. However, the influence of labral height on hip suction seal biomechanics is not known.

In conclusion, smaller height (<6 mm) of the acetabular labrum was significantly associated with decreased distance to suction seal rupture and decreased peak negative pressure. A new strategy to increase the size of the labrum, such as labral augmentation, could be justified for patients with smaller labra in order to optimize the hip suction seal.

Click here to read Part I.

The acetabular labrum contains free nerve endings, and an unstable labrum can result in increased femoral head movement during hip motion. This can be caused by chondrolabral junction (CLJ) separation, especially in association with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement, and may contribute to hip pain.

In conclusion, rim trimming did not change the biomechanical properties of the labral suction seal. Labral refixation resulted in a shorter distance to break the labral suction seal. This indicates that labral mobility is reduced by the labral refixation procedure, which could be beneficial in postoperative pain relief and labral healing.

Click here to read Part II.

Five articles from the September 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Human Rotator Cuff Tears Have an Endogenous, Inducible Stem Cell Source Capable of Improving Muscle Quality and Function After Rotator Cuff Repair", "An Iliopsoas Impingement Lesion in the Absence of Painful Internal Snapping May Not Require Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening", "Location of the Suture Anchor in Hill-Sachs Lesion Could Influence Glenohumeral Cartilage Quality and Limit Range of Motion After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair and Remplissage", "Epidemiology, Treatment, and Performance-Based Outcomes of Symptomatic Spondylolysis and Isthmic Spondylolisthesis in American Professional Baseball Players", and "Medial Elbow Instability Resulting From Partial Tears of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament: Stress Ultrasound in a Cadaveric Model".

Click here to read the articles.

The molecular mechanism of how femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) morphology leads to hip osteoarthritis (OA) is yet to be determined. Expression and location of inflammation-related molecules during early- and late-stage FAI have not been previously described. Moreover, characterization of intraarticular inflammation away from cam deformity as well as the nature of the adjacent synovial tissue has also not been extensively characterized.

In conclusion, hip cartilage exhibits an osteoarthritic phenotype in patients with early FAI similar to what was observed in hip OA secondary to FAI. Severe synovitis was only evident in late-stage disease.

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Five articles from the August 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Dyslipidemia With Perioperative Statin Usage Is Not Associated With Poorer 24-Month Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery", "Posterior Rotational and Translational Stability in Acromioclavicular Ligament Complex (ACLC) Reconstruction: A Comparative Biomechanical Analysis in Cadaver Specimens", "An In-Depth Analysis of Graft Rupture and Contralateral ACL Rupture Rates After Pediatric ACL Reconstruction", "Concussion Symptom Cut-offs for Identification and Prognosis of Sports related Concussion: The Role of Time Since Injury", and "Long-term Outcomes and Survivorship of Fresh-Frozen Meniscal Allograft Transplant With Soft Tissue Fixation: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up Study".

Click here to read the articles.

Injuries to the hamstring complex most commonly involve the proximal musculotendinous junction of the long head
of the biceps femoris (MTJ-BFlh). Nonoperative management of these injuries is associated with prolonged rehabilitation and high
risk of recurrence. To our knowledge, the surgical management of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries has not been previously reported.

In conclusion, surgical repair of acute MTJ-BFlh injuries enables return to preinjury level of sporting function with low risk of recurrence at short-term follow-up.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the July 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Return to Sports After High Tibial Osteotomy With Concomitant Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation", "Influence of Glenoid Labral Bumper Height and Capsular Volume on Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair as Assessed With Serial CT Arthrogram: Can Anterior-Inferior Volume Fraction Be a Prognostic Factor?", "Diagnostic Accuracy of Physical Examination Tests in Core Muscle Injury", "Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses of the Glenohumeral Ligaments: An Anatomic Study", and "The Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone to Protect Against Muscle Weakness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial".

Click here to read the articles.

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) with a bone–patellar tendon–bone graft (BTB) is a reliable surgical option for the control of anterior knee laxity after ACL injury. The addition of a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) may improve control of rotation knee laxity and improve short-term graft survival in high-risk patients.

In conclusion, there were no significant differences in long-term patient-reported outcomes after ACLR with or without an LET. LET may increase the risk of lateral compartment osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up. There was a trend toward decreased graft failure risk with the addition of LET but this study was underpowered to assess this outcome.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the June 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Predictive Modeling to Determine Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair", "A Multicenter Study of Radiographic Measures Predicting Failure of Arthroscopy in Borderline Hip Dysplasia: Beware of the Tönnis Angle", "Comparison of Tendon Lengthening With Traditional Versus Accelerated Rehabilitation After Achilles Tendon Repair: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial", "Does Age Itself Have an Adverse Effect on Survivorship of Meniscal allograft transplantation?: A Cartilage Status and Time From Previous Meniscectomy-Matched Cohort Study", and "The Role of Patient Characteristics on the Success of Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries".

Click here to read the articles.

Preclinical studies suggest that for complete midsubstance anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, a suture repair of the ACL augmented with a protein implant placed in the gap between the torn ends (bridge-enhanced ACL repair [BEAR]) may be a viable alternative to ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

In conclusion, BEAR resulted in noninferior patient-reported outcomes and AP knee laxity and superior hamstring muscle strength when compared with autograft ACLR at 2-year follow-up in a young and active cohort. These promising results suggest that longer-term studies of this technique are justified.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the May 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Prospective Assessment of Outcomes After Primary Unipolar, Multisurface, and Bipolar Osteochondral Allograft Transplantations in the Knee", "Five-Year Outcomes After Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Elite Athletes", "Effect of Sex and Ankle Brace Design on Knee Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Cut", "Influence of Varus Alignment on Survivorship After Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation", and "Investigating the Range of Symptom Endorsement at Initiation of a Graduated Return to Play Protocol after Concussion and Duration of the Protocol: A study from the NCAA-DoD Concussion, Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium."

Click here to read the articles.

Safe return to play (RTP) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is critical to patient satisfaction. Enhanced rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction with appropriate objective criteria for RTP may reduce the risk of subsequent injury. The cost-effectiveness of an enhanced RTP (eRTP) strategy relative to standard post-ACL reconstruction rehabilitation has not been investigated.

In conclusion, the eRTP strategy in this study adds additional neuromuscular retraining and additional physician follow-up—as well as advanced testing goals upon which RTP is contingent—to traditional physical therapy. Our data suggest that these additions are cost-effective, even assuming only modest associated decreases in ACL graft failure. This study also determined that the only variable that had the potential to change the cost-effectiveness conclusion based on predetermined ranges was the additional cost of rehabilitation based on 1-way sensitivity analysis.

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Five articles from the April 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Outcomes of Arthroscopic All-Inside Repair versus Observation in Older Patients with Meniscus Root Tears", "What Can a Jump Tell Us About Elbow Injuries in Professional Baseball Pitchers?", "Incidence and Prognostic Significance of the Segond Fracture in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Video Confirmation of Head Impact Sensor Data From High School Soccer Players", and "Risk Factors for Intra-articular Bone and Cartilage Lesions in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Posterior Instability".

Click here to read the articles.

Although a sex-based balance in US graduate medical education has been well-documented, a discrepancy remains in orthopaedic surgery. In orthopaedic sports medicine, the representation of women as team physicians has not previously been characterized.

In conclusion, women comprise a minority of team physicians in select NCAA Division I collegiate and professional sports organizations. When compared with the composition of AOSSM orthopaedic surgeon membership, expected female orthopaedic surgeon representation varies between conferences and leagues with little statistical significance. Although efforts have been made to increase sex-based diversity in orthopaedic surgery, results of this study suggest that barriers affecting female orthopaedic surgeons as team physicians should be identified and addressed.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the March 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Incidence of Displaced Posterolateral Tibial Plateau and Lateral Femoral Condyle Impaction Fractures in the Setting of Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear", "Minimum 5-Year Outcomes and Return to Sports After Resection Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Sternoclavicular
Osteoarthritis", "Knee Extension Deficit in the Early Postoperative Period Predisposes to Cyclops Syndrome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Risk Factor Analysis in 3633 Patients
From the SANTI Study Group Database", "Bilateral Hip Arthroscopy in High-Level Athletes: Results of a Shorter Interval Between Staged Bilateral Hip Arthroscopies", and "The Prevalence of Radiographic Findings of Structural Hip Deformities for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Patients With Hip Pain".

Click here to read the articles.

*This podcast features Drs. Frances T. Sheehan and Camila Grant, and Cameron N. Fick from the NIH Clinical Center Rehabilitation Medicine.

Developing bone is highly adaptable and, as such, is susceptible to pathological shape deformation. Thus, it is imperative to quantify if changes in patellofemoral morphology are associated with adolescent-onset patellofemoral pain, as a pathway to improve our understanding of this pain’s etiology.

In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence that patellofemoral morphology is altered and influences maltracking in adolescents with patellofemoral pain, highlighting the multifactorial etiology of this pain. Neither morphology nor kinematics (measured during active flexion-extension) correlated with pain. Both increases and decreases in these parameters likely lead to pain, negating a direct linear correlation.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the February 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Shoe Cushioning Influences the Running Injury Risk According to Body Mass: A Randomized Controlled Trial Involving 848 Recreational Runners", "More Than a 2-Fold Risk of Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Compared With Ipsilateral Graft Failure 10 Years After Primary Reconstruction", "Prospective Randomized Comparison of Capsular Management Techniques During Hip Arthroscopy", "Accuracy and Reliability of the Visual Assessment of Patellar Tracking", "Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Reduces Failure of Hamstring Tendon Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: 2-Year Outcomes From the STABILITY Study Randomized Clinical Trial".

Click here to read the articles.

Women are 2 to 9 times more likely to experience an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than men. Various hormones including relaxin, progesterone, and estrogen influence ACL strength. Oral contraceptives (OCs) alter these hormone levels; however, studies have yet to comprehensively compare different OCs’ effects on the ACL.

In conclusion, OC formulations with higher progestin-to-estrogen ratios may be more protective for the ACL than formulations with lower ratios.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the January 2020 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Peripheral-Track and Central-Track Hill-Sachs Lesions: A New Concept of Assessing an On-Track Lesion", "Outcomes of Quadriceps Tendon With Patellar Bone Block Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Patients With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up", "Graft Size and Orientation Within the Femoral Notch Affect Graft Healing at 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Comparing Outcomes of Competitive Athletes Versus Nonathletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome", and "High Prevalence of Connective Tissue Gene Variants in Professional Ballet".

Click here to read the articles.

This special edition podcast highlights the top 10 articles of 2019  that caught the most public attention based on their Altmetric scores.

1. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Leukocyte-Rich PRP or Leukocyte-Poor PRP Versus Saline

2. Evidence-Based Best-Practice Guidelines for Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Young Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

3. Activity Modification and Load Management of Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain: A Prospective Intervention Study Including 151 Adolescents

4. Exposure to American Football and Neuropsychiatric Health in Former National Football League Players: Findings From the Football Players Health Study

5. Higher Rates of Lower Extremity Injury on Synthetic Turf Compared With Natural Turf Among National Football League Athletes: Epidemiologic Confirmation of a Biomechanical Hypothesis

6. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Nonsurgical Treatment Options for Enthesopathy of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

7. Implementation of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program by High School Athletic Teams Did Not Reduce Lower Extremity Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

8. A 6-Week Transition to Maximal Running Shoes Does Not Change Running Biomechanics

9. A 10% Increase in Step Rate Improves Running Kinematics and Clinical Outcomes in Runners With Patellofemoral Pain at 4 Weeks and 3 Months

10. Coper Classification Early After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Changes With Progressive Neuromuscular and Strength Training and Is Associated With 2-Year Success: The Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study

Previous studies have shown that runners demonstrate elevated T2 and T1ρ values on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after running a marathon, with the greatest changes in the patellofemoral and medial compartment, which can persist after 3 months of reduced activity. Additionally, marathon running has been shown to increase serum inflammatory markers. Hyaluronic acid (HA) purportedly improves viscoelasticity of synovial fluid, serving as a lubricant while also having chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.

Increased T2 and T1ρ relaxation times have been observed in marathon runners, suggesting early cartilage injury. The addition of intra-articular HA did not significantly affect relaxation times in all areas of the knee when compared with an NS control.

Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the December 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "The Association Between Tibial Slope and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients ≤21 Years Old: A Matched Case-Control Study Including 317 Revisions", "Risk Factors Associated With a Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury to the Contralateral Knee After Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in High School and College Female Athletes: A Prospective Study", "Functional Results and Outcomes After Repair of Partial Proximal Hamstring Avulsions at Midterm Follow-up", "The Effect of Sport-Related Concussion Injuries on Concussion Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Male and Female Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Study", and "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes for Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Versus Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone and Hamstring-Tendon Autografts".

Click here to read the articles.

This special edition podcast highlights the 2019 Systematic Review Award winning article.

An infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a relatively rare but challenging complication. There are no meta-analyses comparing the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with the various available graft choices.

The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate a significantly lower incidence of deep infections after ACL reconstruction with BPTB autografts compared with hamstring autografts but not compared with allografts.

Click here to read the article.

Limited in vivo kinematic information exists on the effect of clinical-based partial medial and lateral meniscectomy in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Before ACL reconstruction, partial medial meniscectomy increased AP laxity at 30° and 90° and lateral meniscectomy increased dynamic PS laxity with respect to intact menisci. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction decreased laxities, but a residual anterior translation of 1.3 mm at 90° remained in patients with partial medial meniscectomy, with respect to those with intact menisci.

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Five articles from the November 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism After Achilles Tendon Rupture", "Humeral Retroversion and Injury Risk After Proximal Humeral Epiphysiolysis
(Little Leaguer’s Shoulder)", "Location of the Glenoid Defect in Shoulders With Recurrent Posterior Glenohumeral Instability", "Changes of Supraspinatus Muscle Volume and Fat Fraction After Successful or Failed Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair", and "Defining Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Isolated Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair."

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Lower extremity injuries are common in high school sports and are costly, and some have poor outcomes. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program has been shown to decrease injuries in elite athletes by up to 72%.

This study did not demonstrate a reduction in lower extremity injuries in schools randomized to use the FIFA 11+ program compared with schools using their usual prepractice warm-up program. Coach-reported compliance with performing the FIFA 11+ program at least twice a week was low.

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Five articles from the October 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Portal Placement and Biomechanical Performance of Endoscopic Proximal Hamstring Repair", "Nonabsorbable Suture Knot on the Tendon Affects Rotator Cuff Healing: A Comparative Study of the Knots on Tendon and Bone in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Tear", "Increased Chondrocytic Gene Expression Is Associated With Improved Repair Tissue Quality and Graft Survival in Patients After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation", "The Number of Injury Events Associated With the Critical Size of Bipolar Bone Defects in Rugby Players With Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability", and "Association Between Running Shoe Characteristics and Lower Extremity Injuries in United States Military Academy Cadets."

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Studies on the effect of partial- and full-thickness chondral damage of the hip on outcomes and the ability to achieve meaningful clinical outcomes are limited.

Patients with grade IV chondral defects experienced worse functional outcomes, lower satisfaction, and increased pain when compared with both patients without chondral damage or grade I-III chondromalacia at 2-year follow-up. Several predictors were associated with achieving clinically significant function in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS.

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Five articles from the September 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Single-Stage Multiple-Ligament Knee Reconstructions for Sports-Related Injuries: Outcomes in 194 Patients", "Surgeon Ability to Appropriately Address the Calcified Cartilage Layer: An In Vitro Study of Arthroscopic and Open Techniques", "Ankle Sprains in the National Basketball Association, 2013-2014 Through 2016-2017", "Factors Predicting the Outcome After Arthroscopically Assisted Stabilization of Acute High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations", and "Predictors of Unsuccessful Nonoperative Management of Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans."

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The ability of lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) to improve knee stability and the meniscal load-bearing function in patients after meniscectomy is critical for surgical success.

Lateral MAT partially restored medial translation of the tibia, and the resultant forces in the meniscal allograft were only 50% to 60% of the intact lateral meniscus forces in the cadaver model. In the majority of testing conditions, no significant changes of the in situ force in the anterior cruciate ligament were observed. Surgeons should consider the potential benefits of lateral MAT when deciding the appropriate treatment for symptomatic patients after lateral meniscectomies. Both lateral MAT techniques functioned similarly.

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Five articles from the August 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Lower signal intensity of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is associated with a higher rate of return to sport after ATFL repair for chronic lateral ankle instability", "Epidemiology and Video-Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association", "The Use of Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage for the Repair of Porcine Articular Cartilage Defects", "Biomechanical Comparison of Onlay Distal Biceps Tendon Repair: All-Suture Anchors versus Titanium Suture-Anchors", and "In which arm position is a Hill-Sachs lesion created?"

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Nearly three-quarters of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur as “noncontact” failures from routine athletic maneuvers. Recent in vitro studies revealed that repetitive strenuous submaximal knee loading known to especially strain the ACL can lead to its fatigue failure, often at the ACL femoral enthesis.

The authors found evidence of accumulated damage to collagen fibrils and fibers at the ACL femoral enthesis at the time of surgery for noncontact ACL failure. This tissue damage was similar to that found in donor knees subjected in vitro to repetitive 4 times–body weight impulsive 3-dimensional loading known to cause a fatigue failure of the ACL.

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The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the risk of meniscal repair failure is unclear. Current evidence is limited to small studies without comparison between isolated repairs and meniscal repairs with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is also unclear whether the efficacy of PRP differs between preparation systems in the setting of meniscal repair.

Both PRP preparations used in the current study had a substantial protective effect in terms of the risk of isolated meniscal repair failure over 3 years. In the setting of concomitant ACL reconstruction, PRP does not reduce the risk of meniscal repair failure.

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Five articles from the July 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Performance and Return to Sport After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Olecranon in Professional Baseball Players","Adaptation of Running Biomechanics to Repeated Barefoot Running", "Multiplanar Loading of the Knee and Its Influence on Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Strain During Simulated Landings and Noncontact Tears" , "Pathoanatomy of Shoulder Instability in Collegiate Female Athletes" and "Severe Bone Marrow Edema Among Patients Who Underwent Prior Marrow Stimulation Technique Is a Significant Predictor of Graft Failure After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation."

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Five articles from the June 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Is It Safe to Inject Corticosteroids Into the Glenohumeral Joint After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?", "Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Femoral Condyle Utilizing a Thin Plug Graft Technique", "Secondary Meniscal Tears in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Relationship Among Operative Management, Osteoarthritis, and Arthroplasty at 18-Year Mean Follow-up" , "Is Microfracture Necessary? Acetabular Chondrolabral Debridement/Abrasion Demonstrates Similar Outcomes and Survival to Microfracture in Hip Arthroscopy: A Multicenter Analysis" and "Allograft Augmentation of Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Autografts Is Associated With Increased Graft Failure in Children and Adolescents."

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Five articles from the May 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "5-year Outcomes and Return to Sport in Runners Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Tears With or Without Femoroacetabular Impingement", "Predictors of Healing Ligament Size and MR Signal Intensity at 6 months after Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair", "The effect of ankle bracing on kinematics in simulated sprain and drop landings: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study" , "Arthroscopic repair of the isolated subscapularis full-thickness tear: single-row versus double-row suture-bridge technique" and "Do Outcomes or Subsequent Injuries Differ After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Using Palmaris vs. Hamstring Autograft?."

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Traumatic anterior shoulder instability is a common condition affecting sports participation among young athletes. Clinical outcomes after surgical management may vary according to patient activity level and sport involvement. Overhead athletes may experience a higher rate of recurrent instability and difficulty returning to sport postoperatively with limited previous literature to guide treatment

Primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in overhead athletes is associated with a low rate of recurrent stabilization surgery. Return to overhead athletics at short-term follow-up is lower than that previously reported for the general athletic population.

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The purpose of the study was to identify (1) the proportion of opioid-naïve patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery, (2) the rates of postoperative opioid use among these patients, and (3) the risk factors associated with long-term postoperative opioid use.

Most patients were opioid naïve before elective shoulder surgery; however, among opioid-naïve patients, 1 in 7 patients were still using opioids beyond 180 days after surgery. Among all variables, a history of mental illness most significantly increased the risk of long-term opioid use after elective shoulder surgery.

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Five articles from the April 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Collagen-Dipped FiberTape Augmentation in Overhead-Throwing Athletes", "Long-term, Prospective, Multicenter Study of Isolated Bankart Repair for a Patient Selection Method Based on the Instability Severity Index Score", "Ivy League – Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion study: a Report on Methods and First Findings" , "Prospective Evaluation of the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) to Identify Clinically Successful Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR)" and "Correlation between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Surgical Exploration of the Anterolateral Structures of the Acutely Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injured Knee."

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Five articles from the March 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Short-term Changes After Corticosteroid Injections Into the Normal Tendons of Rabbits: A Controlled Randomized Study", "Acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture: repair or reconstruction? Two-year results of a randomized control trial", "The Development Process of Bipolar Bone Defects From Primary to Recurrent Instability in Shoulders With Traumatic Anterior Instability" , "Ankle Lateral Ligament Augmentation Versus the Modified Brostrom-Gould Procedure: A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Trial" and "Predictors of Persistent Postoperative Pain at Minimum 2 Years After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement."

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To evaluate the capability of conventional glenoid bone loss measurement techniques to provide an adequate estimation of the actual biomechanical effect of glenoid defects.

Current glenoid bone loss measurements are unable to provide an adequate estimation on the actual biomechanical effect of glenoid defects because (1) the relation between the glenoid defect size and its biomechanical effect is nonlinear and (2) patients with shoulder instability have constitutional biomechanically relevant glenoid concavity shape differences

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Five articles from the February 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Reinforcement of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Improves Cuff Integrity", "Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Does Not Improve Osseous Integration of Osteochondral Allografts for the Treatment of Chondral Defects in the Knee at 6 and 12 Months", "The Role of Calcaneofibular Ligament Injury in Ankle Instability: Implications for Surgical Management" , "Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Vertical Simple Stitch Versus Modified Mason-Allen Stitch in Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study" and "Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis."

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To evaluate the effect of the estrogen-deficient state on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in an ovariectomized rat model.

The estrogen-deficient state by ovariectomy, compared with control rats, led to decreased biomechanical properties and poor development of chondroid tissue that influenced the repair of the tendon insertion after surgery.

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Five articles from the January 2019 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Coping With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury From Childhood to  Maturation", "Recurrence of Patellar Instability in Adolescents Undergoing Surgery for Osteochondral Defects Without Concomitant Ligament Reconstruction", "Higher Rates of Lower Extremity Injury on Synthetic Turf Compared With Natural Turf Among National Football League Athlete: Epidemiologic Confirmation of a Biomechanical Hypothesis" , "The Rotator Cuff Healing Index (RoHI) 1: A New Scoring System to Predict Rotator Cuff Healing After Surgical Repair" and "Association of Dynamic Balance With Sports-Related Concussion: A Prospective Cohort Study."

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To assess the association of previously identified candidate SNVs in genes encoding for collagen and the risk of ACL injury in a population of elite female athletes from high-risk team sports.

The study does not support a role of the 6 selected SNVs in genes encoding for collagen proteins as risk factors for ACL injury.

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Five articles from the December 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Seventeen-Year Follow-up After Meniscal Repair With Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population", "Performance on a Single-Legged Drop-Jump Landing Test Is Related to Increased Risk of Lateral Ankle Sprains Among Male Elite Soccer Players","Biomechanical Comparison of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction With the Docking Technique Versus Repair With Internal Bracin" , "Long-term Outcomes of Primary Repair of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Combined With Biologic Healing Augmentation to Treat Incomplete Tear" and "Prognostic Factors for Functional Outcome After Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study With 2-Year Follow-up."

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To determine if there are discriminating factors present between patients who redislocated their patellas and those who did not after a first-time lateral patellar dislocation and (2) to use this information to develop a model that can predict the recurrence risk of lateral patellar dislocation in this population.

This model demonstrates a high risk of lateral patellar redislocation when a patient presents with skeletal immaturity as well as magnetic resonance measurements of sulcus angle ≥154° and patellar height as measured by Insall-Salvati ratio ≥1.3. A patient will have a low risk of lateral patellar redislocation with the inverse findings.

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Five articles from the November 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Patellar Instability Management: A Survey of the International Patellofemoral Study Group","Epidemiological Evaluation of Meniscal Ramp Lesions in 3214 Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured Knees From the SANTI Study Group Database: A Risk Factor Analysis and Study of Secondary Meniscectomy Rates Following 769 Ramp Repairs", "Pitching Performance After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction at a Single Institution in Major League Baseball Pitchers", "Vertical Extension of the T-Capsulotomy Incision in Hip Arthroscopic Surgery Does Not Affect the Force Required for Hip Distraction: Effect of Capsulotomy Size, Type, and Subsequent Repair" and "Surgical Volume and Postoperative Complications of Acromioclavicular Joint Separations: Analysis of the ABOS Part II Examination."

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To determine the return-to-work, pain relief, and perioperative complication rates in a high-demand athletic cohort undergoing patellofemoral ACI.

For patellofemoral chondral defects without a failed primary procedure, second-generation ACI successfully returned to work 78% of patients of moderate to very heavy occupational demand with significantly decreased patient-reported knee pain. Risk factors after ACI for patellofemoral articular lesions for overall failure were age <30 years, female sex, and tobacco use, while surgical and overall failures were associated with periosteal patch use.

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Five articles from the October 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are, "Histological Evaluation of Early-Phase Changes in the Osteochondral Unit After Microfracture in a Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect Rat Model", "Is There a Pathological Gait Associated With Common Soft Tissue Running Injuries?" ,"Effect of Smoking on Healing Failure After Rotator Cuff Repair" ,and "Reduced Time to Surgery Improves Patient-Reported Outcome After Achilles Tendon Rupture"

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Anterolateral complex injuries are becoming more recognized. While these are known to affect tibiofemoral mechanics, it is not known how they affect patellofemoral joint behavior.

This work did not find that an anterolateral injury altered patellofemoral mechanics or kinematics, but adding a lateral tenodesis can elevate lateral contact pressures and induce lateral patellar tilting if the tibia is pulled into external rotation by the tenodesis. Although these in vitro changes were small and might not be relevant in a fully loaded knee, controlling the position of the tibia at graft fixation is effective in avoiding overconstraint at time zero in a lateral tenodesis.

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Five articles from the September 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Comparative Outcomes of Radial and Bucket-Handle Meniscal Tear Repair: A Propensity- Matched Analysis", "Biomechanical Deficits at the Hip in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Athletes are Ameliorated with Neuromuscular Training", "Career Length and Performance Among Professional Baseball Players Returning to Play After Hip Arthroscopy", "Stabilization of Acute High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Separation: A Prospective Assessment of the Clavicular Hook Plate Versus the Double Double-Button Suture Procedure", and "The Effect of Suture Absorbability on Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rabbit Rotator Cuff Repair Mode."

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Recent literature correlated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure to smaller diameter of the harvested hamstring (HS) autograft. However, this approach may be a simplification, as relation of graft size to native ACL size is not typically assessed and oversized grafts may impart their own complications.

In conclusion, ACL insertion size and the CSAs of 3 commonly used grafts vary greatly for each patient and are not correlated with one another. Thus, if the reconstructed ACL size is determined by the harvested autograft size alone, native ACL size may not be adequately restored. PT grafts tended to undersize the native ACL, while QT might oversize it.

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Five articles from the August 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Integrity of the Untorn Articular-Sided Tendon in Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear: A Comparative Study of Apoptotic Activity in Torn and Untorn Layers", "No difference in the KOOS Quality of Life, between anatomic Double-bundle and anatomic Single-bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction of the knee; a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial with 2 years’ follow-up", "In Vitro Repair of Meniscus Radial Tear Using Hydrogels Seeded with Adipose Stem Cells and TGF-β3"," Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - How Important is Graft Salvage?", and "Internal Fixation of Unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans— Do Open Growth Plates Improve Healing Rate?

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A lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is the most common traumatic knee injury with hemarthrosis in children. The redislocation rate is high. Varying operative and nonoperative treatments have been advocated with no consensus on the best treatment.

Operative repair of an MPFL injury in the acute phase in skeletally immature children with a primary traumatic LPD significantly reduced the redislocation rate but did not improve subjective or objective knee function compared with a knee brace without repair. The majority of the patients in both groups were satisfied with their knee function. There was a high representation of APIFs, which needs to be considered when evaluating the risk of redislocations.

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Five articles from the July 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Protects the Repaired Medial Meniscus: A Comparative Study of 383 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions From the SANTI Study Group With Minimum Follow-up of 2 Years", "How Variable Are Achilles Allografts Used for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Biomechanical Study", "Bone Marrow Stimulation Technique Augmented by an Ultrapurified Alginate Gel Enhances Cartilage Repair in a Canine Model", "Getting Hit by Pitch in Professional Baseball: Analysis of Injury Patterns, Risk Factors, Concussions, and Days Missed for Batters", and "Return-to-Play and Performance Outcomes of Professional Athletes in North America After Hip Arthroscopy From 1999 to 2016."

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Five articles from the June 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Low 1-Year Return-to-Sport Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Regardless of Patient and Surgical Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study of 272 Patients", "Higher Gene Expression of Healing Factors in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear", "Does Greater Trochanter Decortication Affect Suture Anchor Pullout Strength in Abductor Tendon Repairs? A Biomechanical Study", "Metal Resurfacing Inlay Implant for Osteochondral Talar Defects After Failed Previous Surgery: A Midterm Prospective Follow-up Study", and "Influences of Mental Illness, Current Psychological State, and Concussion History on Baseline Concussion Assessment Performance."

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Five articles from the May 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Operative Management of Acute Triceps Tendon Ruptures: Review of 184 Cases", "Ten-Year Results of Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Chondral Resurfacing in Severe Medial Osteoarthritis and Varus Malalignment", "The Integrity of the Acromioclavicular Capsule Ensures Physiological Centering of the Acromioclavicular Joint Under Rotational Loading", "Does Capsular Laxity Lead to Microinstability of the Native Hip?", and "Arthroscopic Surgery or Physical Therapy for Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 2-Year Follow-up."

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Five articles from the April 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Distal Clavicular Osteochondral Autograft Augmentation for Glenoid Bone Loss: A Comparison of Radius of Restoration Versus Latarjet Graft", "Biomechanical Evaluation of a Single- Versus Double-Tunnel Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction With Acromioclavicular Stabilization for Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries", "Descriptive Epidemiology of the MOON Shoulder Instability Cohort", "Patellar Tendon Repair Augmentation With a Knotless Suture Anchor Internal Brace: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study", and "Subacromial Local Anesthetics Do Not Interfere With Rotator Cuff Healing After Arthroscopic Repair."

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Five articles from the March 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Immediately After an Injury Did Not Improve Ligament Healing, and Increasing Platelet Concentrations Was Detrimental in an In Vivo Animal Model", "Midterm Clinical Results in Rugby Players Treated with the Bristow Procedure", "Alarmins in Frozen Shoulder: A Molecular Association Between Inflammation and Pain", "The Influence of Graft Fixation Methods on Revision Rates After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", and "20-Year Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autograft: The Catastrophic Effect of Age and Posterior Tibial Slope".

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Five articles from the February 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Variation in the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Origin in the Skeletally Immature Knee: An Anatomic Study", "Hypothermia Promotes Cell-Protective and Chondroprotective Effects After Blunt Cartilage Trauma", "Selective Debridement With Labral Preservation Using Narrow Indications in the Hip: Minimum 5-Year Outcomes With a Matched-Pair Labral Repair Control Group", "Men and Women Differ in the Biochemical Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma", and "Hamstring Graft Incorporation According to the Length of the Graft Inside Tunnels".

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Five articles from the January 2018 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Meniscectomy and Resultant Articular Cartilage Lesions of the Knee Among Prospective National Football League Players: An Imaging and Performance Analysis", "Does the Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure Effectively Correct “Off-Track” Hill-Sachs Lesions?", "Comparison of 2 Exercise Rehabilitation Programs for Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial", "Clinical Outcomes of Knee Osteoarthritis Treated With an Autologous Protein Solution Injection: A 1-Year Pilot Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial", and "Do Outcomes of Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation Differ Based on Age and Sex? A Comparative Matched Group Analysis".

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After ACLR in knees with a concurrent partial MCL injury, the absence of loading on the G/ST did not significantly alter anterior stability. Simulated G/ST harvest did lead to increased valgus motion. These results may have important clinical implications and warrant further investigation to better outline the role of the medial hamstrings, particularly among patients with a concomitant ACL and MCL injury.

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Five articles from the December 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "In Vitro Chondrotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Opioid Medications", "The Incidence of Subsequent Meniscal Surgery Is Higher in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Knee Than in the Contralateral Knee", "A Comparison of 2-Year Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Tibiofemoral or Patellofemoral Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation", "Epidemiology of Posterior Glenohumeral Instability in a Young Athletic Population", and "Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis: Ultrasound-Guided Needling and Lavage Versus Subacromial Corticosteroids: Five-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial".

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Patients with a Segond fracture are at no higher risk to require revision ACL reconstruction compared with patients without a Segond fracture. This may be attributable to its high union rate. At the time of primary ACL reconstruction, if a Segond fracture is identified, it can be ignored (not repaired or reconstructed), and this approach does not appear to predispose to early ACL graft failure.

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Five articles from the November 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Arthroscopic Harvest of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Infrapatellar Fat Pad", "An Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of Bankart Repair Configurations", "Including the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise in the FIFA 11+ Provides Missing Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength Effect in Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial", "Cam Deformities and Limited Hip Range of Motion Are Associated With Early Osteoarthritic Changes in Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Matched Cohort Study", and "Surgical Treatment of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures: An Analysis of Complications in 784 Surgical Repairs".

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The surgical repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures has an overall low rate of serious complications, regardless of approach or technique. However, the double-incision technique has a higher rate of posterior interosseous nerve palsy, heterotopic bone formation, and reoperation rate. Surgeon’s years of practice, fellowship training, and case volume do not affect the rate of major complications.

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Five articles from the October 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Professional Athletes’ Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of an Achilles Tendon Rupture", "A 20-Year Follow-up After First-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation", "Pectoralis Major Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis of Modern Repair Configurations Versus Traditional Repair Configuration", "In Vivo Performance of a Novel, Anatomically Shaped, Total Meniscal Prosthesis Made of Polycarbonate Urethane: A 12-Month Evaluation in Goats", and "Risk of Engagement of Bipolar Bone Defects in Posterior Shoulder Instability".

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Transplantation of fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) is an attractive treatment option for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions in young, healthy patients. Because the lack of OCA bone integration can be a cause of treatment failure, methods for speeding and enhancing OCA bone integration to mitigate this potential complication are highly desirable.

Large femoral condylar OCAs treated with autogenous BMC before implantation showed superior radiographic integration to bone and less sclerosis during the initial 6-month postoperative period. BMC treatment of OCAs may mitigate the failure of OCA bone healing.

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Five articles from the September 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcomes After Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Changes in Cartilage Biomarker Levels During a Transcontinental Multistage Footrace Over 4486 km", "Risk Factors for Tear Progression in Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Study of 174 Shoulders", "Successful Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization Versus Nonoperative Management in Contact Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Prospective Multicenter Study", and "Young Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Single-Leg Landing Asymmetries at the Time of Return to Sport Demonstrate Decreased Knee Function 2 Years Later".

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Advancements in instrumentation and techniques have extended the scope of hip arthroscopic surgery to treat complex osseous deformities that were previously best addressed with an open approach. Global pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement is an example of an abnormality requiring osseous correction with a technically challenging access point.

Hip arthroscopic surgery for the management of symptomatic labral tears in patients with combined overcoverage and coxa profunda is associated with improvements in patient outcomes and pain at a minimum 2-year follow-up. However, the degree of improvement is of lower magnitude compared with a matched cohort with normal coverage undergoing the arthroscopic management of symptomatic labral tears. While hips with lateral overcoverage combined with coxa profunda may have a smaller potential for improvement compared with hips with normal coverage, this type of osseous morphology is still repairable with arthroscopic treatment.

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Five articles from the August 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Return to Play After Shoulder Instability Surgery in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Intercollegiate Football Athletes", "Anchored Transosseous-Equivalent Versus Anchorless Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis in a Cadaveric Model", "Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: Is Graft Storage Time Associated With Clinical Outcomes and Graft Survivorship?", "Performance-Based Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Professional Athletes Differ Between Sports", and "Economic Decision Model for First-Time Traumatic Patellar Dislocations in Adolescents".

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Radial meniscus tears disrupt the circumferential fibers and thereby compromise meniscus integrity. Historically, radial tears were often treated with meniscectomy because of an incomplete understanding of the biomechanical consequences of these tears, limited information regarding the biomechanical performance of repair, and the technical difficulty associated with repair. There is a paucity of studies on the outcomes of the repair of radial meniscus tears.

The purpose was to determine the outcomes of 2-tunnel transtibial repair of radial meniscus tears and compare these results to the outcomes of patients who underwent the repair of vertical meniscus tears with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The hypothesis was that radial and vertical meniscus tear repair outcomes were comparable.

The 2-tunnel transtibial pullout technique for the repair of radial meniscus tears produces similar clinical outcomes when compared with the repair of vertical meniscus tears at a mean 3.5 years’ follow-up.

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Five articles from the July 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "The Effect of Subcritical Bone Loss and Exposure on Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Intercollegiate American Football", "Femoroacetabular Impingement in Professional Football Players: Return to Play and Predictors of Career Length After Hip Arthroscopy", "High Rate of Osteoarthritis After Osteochondritis Dissecans Fragment Excision Compared With Surgical Restoration at a Mean 16-Year Follow-up", "Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", and "Intratendon Delivery of Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Healing Compared With Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Rabbit Achilles Tendinopathy Model".

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur commonly in football. Recent work has reported ACL reconstruction (ACLR) as one of several orthopaedic procedures with unfavorable outcomes for professional athletes. The performance impact to defensive players after surgery has not been quantified.

Approximately 74% (28/38) of athletes who underwent ACLR returned to play at least 1 NFL game, and 61% (23/38) successfully returned to play at least half a season (ie, 8 games). Players who successfully returned were above-average NFL players before their injury but comparatively average after their return.

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Five articles from the June 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Intra-articular Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Mitigates Cartilage Damage After Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus in the Yucatan Minipig", "Return to Sport and Recreational Activity After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee", "Arthroscopic Versus Open Latarjet in the Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation With Marked Glenoid Bone Loss: A Prospective Comparative Study", "Risk Factors for Revision Surgery After Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Repair: A National Perspective", and "Anatomic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the Knee With or Without Reconstruction of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Randomized Clinical Trial".

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Graft failure and low rates of return to sport are major concerns after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, particularly in a population at risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between reconstruction techniques and subsequent graft rupture and return-to-sport rates in patients aged 16 to 30 years participating in pivoting sports.

In conclusion, in a high-risk population of young patients participating in pivoting sports, the rate of graft failure with HT+ALL grafts was 2.5 times less than with B-PT-B grafts and 3.1 times less than with 4HT grafts. The HT+ALL graft is also associated with greater odds of returning to preinjury levels of sport when compared with the 4HT graft.

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Five articles from the May 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Outcomes After Biologically Augmented Isolated Meniscal Repair With Marrow Venting Are Comparable With Those After Meniscal Repair With Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction", "Long-term Effects of Adolescent Sport Concussion Across the Age Spectrum", "Interposition Dermal Matrix Xenografts: A Successful Alternative to Traditional Treatment of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears", "The Association of Sport Specialization and Training Volume With Injury History in Youth Athletes", and "Traumatic Patellar Dislocation and Cartilage Injury: A Follow-up Study of Long-Term Cartilage Deterioration".

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The use of allograft tissue for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare the risk of aseptic revision between bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts and BPTB allografts.

In conclusion, when BPTB allograft tissue was used for ACLR, an overall 4.54 times adjusted higher risk of revision was observed compared with surgery performed with a BPTB autograft. Whether the tissue was irradiated with either high- or low-dose radiation, chemically processed, or not processed at all made little difference in the risk of revision. The differences in the revision risk were also consistent in younger and older patients. Surgeons and patients should be aware of the increased risk of revision when a BPTB allograft is used for ACLR.

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Five articles from the April 2017 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles for this month are "Prospective Evaluation of Surgical Treatment of Humeral Avulsions of the Glenohumeral Ligament", "The Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance Is Greater in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: Implications for the Origin of Pain and Clinical Interventions", "Morphological Distribution of the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine in Patients With and Without Hip Impingement: Reliability, Validity, and Relationship to the Intraoperative Assessment", "Long-term Outcomes of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in Adolescent Patients", and "Body Mass and Weekly Training Distance Influence the Pain and Injuries Experienced by Runners Using Minimalist Shoes: A Randomized Controlled Trial".

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